Miocardiopatía por Covid-19

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiomyopathy is a diverse group of cardiac muscle pathologies that cause its malfunction. In the Covid-19 pandemic context, a high number of cases were reported, from which it is known that it can cause not only severe pneumonia but also cardiac failure that could generate multiorgan failure. General Objective: To perform a literature review on Covid-19 cardiomyopathy. Specific Objectives: To define Covid-19 cardiomyopathy and its classification, know the incidence and epidemiological data, describe the myocardial damage and cardiac injury mechanisms, and establish the diagnostic methods and possible disease complications. Methodology: It is a descriptive and non-experimental study performed through a literature review based on articles, trials, publications, and case reports published in recent years. Conclusions: Covid-19 cardiomyopathy produces structural and functional changes in the cardiac walls causing their malfunction; it is classified into genetic, mixed, and acquired cardiomyopathies; its incidence is 7% in patients without cardiovascular risk and 12% in those with a cardiovascular record; the damage produced in the myocardium is attributed to the direct viral lesion by SARS-CoV-2 causing alterations in the cardiac muscle, its diagnostic methods are several but highlights the quantification of cardiac troponin enzyme, that is mainly elevated, the most frequent complications are myocardial injury, arrhythmias, heart failure, and shock.