Prevalencia y factores asociados al Trastorno Disfórico Premenstrual en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca campus Azogues en el periodo septiembre 2024- febrero 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a physical and emotional condition categorized in the DSM- V by the American Psychiatric Society within the chapter of mood disorder. With a prevalence of 1.8 - 5.8%. It occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and improves in the postmenstrual stage; with symptomatic severity that affects the integral health of the patient. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with PMDD in female students of Medicine at the Catholic University of Cuenca, Azogues campus, for the period September 2024- February 2025. Methodology: A non-experimental, quantitative, correlational, cross- sectional cohort study was carried out with a sample of 278 students, calculated using the finite population formula, from a total universe of 796 students from first to tenth cycle, with the application of a validated survey. Results: Of the 271 respondents, the age group 18 to 21 years represented 61.5% (171), of whom 98.89% were currently unmarried. A total of 24.8% met the diagnostic criteria for PMDD and 69.7% for PMS. No direct associated factors were determined; however, drug use was identified with an OR 1.59 95% CI 0.64- 3.9 P= 0.307; tobacco use OR 1.4 95% CI 0.48- 4, P= 0.531; early menarche OR 1.24 95% CI 0.47- 3.25, P= 0.65. Conclusions: A quarter of the population studied suffers from PMDD, with PMS being the most prevalent, no factors associated with the pathology were found. Key words: PMDD, mental health, premenstrual syndrome.