Intervención de enfermería en neonatos hospitalizados con hiperbilirrubinemia en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Hyperbilirubinemia occurs due to an increase in the normal values of bilirubin in the neonate's body, which is characterized by jaundice in the skin and sclerae. Therefore, it is considered a priority health problem due to frequent admissions to the neonatology area, which if not adequately treated brings with it a series of complications for the neonate. The associated factors for its development are male sex, low birth weight, gestational age, and blood incompatibility with the mother's ABO and RH factors. Methodology: a bibliographic review was carried out, including articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese from the last 5 years, information was extracted from scientific databases of high academic impact and documents from health organizations. Results: The prevalence in Bolivia was the most significant with a percentage of 76.3% concerning the associated factor male sex and in Ecuador with 57%, the first therapeutic measure used is phototherapy, since there is evidence of its effectiveness due to the care plan used by the nursing staff, who play an important role in the recovery of the newborn. Conclusion: Hyperbilirubinemia is a frequent health problem, and it is important to know the pathophysiology and therapeutic measures. The nursing staff should be trained and know the protocols for the management of this pathology since they are in charge of providing quality care.