Factores de riesgo asociados a conducta suicida y su manejo terapéutico. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Suicidal behavior is considered one of the significant public health issues worldwide. It is estimated that around 703,000 people died by suicide in 2021 (1 in every 100 deaths). Mitigating risk factors and providing appropriate therapeutic management are essential to reduce the occurrence and impact of suicide. Objective: To analyze the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior and its therapeutic management. Methodology: This is a qualitative systematic review, with data collection and analysis based on the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Scientific data were gathered from ScienceDirect, SciELO, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, and Taylor and Francis databases. Each included study was evaluated for quality and individual risk of bias. Results: A total of 30 scientifically relevant articles were identified; 20 focused on the risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, while 10 addressed therapeutic management. Conclusion: Most of the studies had moderate methodological quality and a low to moderate risk of bias. The most prevalent risk factors identified were age, depression, a history of suicide attempts, stress, violence in all forms, low to middle socioeconomic status, male gender, and secondary education. On the other hand, in therapeutic management, the effective use of certain coadjuvant drugs such as ketiamine and others that are still under investigation has been identified. Keywords: risk factors, suicidal ideation, self-harm behavior, suicide, therapeutic