Intervenciones de enfermería en adultos con neumonía intrahospitalaria

Abstract

Introduction: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is an infectious pulmonary inflammatory problem that is not present at the time of admission but develops 48 to 72 hours after admission. It is caused by factors such as patients’ immunodeficiency, bacterial resistance, and non-compliance with aseptic standards in the handling of invasive devices. Objective: To conduct a bibliographic search on nursing interventions for hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults, using various scientific databases. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted, analyzing fifty articles that met the inclusion criteria. The search was performed using Boolean operators and DeSC in health-related scientific databases. Results: Globally, HAP has a prevalence of 8.1%, with males being the most affected population accounting for 52-60%. The most common microorganism associated with the development of this pathology was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with 18-32% of cases. Complications of HAP include increased costs, prolonged hospital stay, and morbidity, mortality, nosocomial sepsis, and shock. Risk factors for HAP include age, mechanical ventilation, renal disease, heart disease, tracheotomy, reintubation, stress, and malnutrition. Conclusion: Nursing care is crucial in the prevention and treatment of HAP. Interventions should be focus on protecting the integrity of the skin, airways, medication administration, postural changes, oral care, and the correct use of standard measures. Keywords: Nursing interventions, hospital-acquired pneumonia, adults.