Relación entre el trastorno del espectro autista y el microbiota intestinal. Eje cerebro-intestino. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Antecedents: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interactions, communication, and flexibility, known as the “Wing Triad.” Repetitive behaviors that affect brain function are also observed. Although its cause is not clearly identified, there has been an increase in its prevalence, and there is currently no effective treatment.

Objective: To establish the relationship between Autism Spectrum Disorder and the intestinal microbiota, brain-gut axis.

Methodology: A literature review was conducted using the following scientific bases: PubMed, Scopus, Springer, and Redalyc, with the following keywords: “autism,” “dysbiosis,” “axis,” “spectrum,” “intestinal,” “microbiota,” and “disorder”; additionally, the connectors “OR” and “And” were used. Finally, it was checked that all publications met the established selection criteria.

Results: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) —focusing on the intestinal microbiota brain-gut axis— have gastrointestinal symptoms. The severity of these symptoms is related to the degree of gastrointestinal microbial dysbiosis. However, several studies through scientific research show that the use of probiotics and fetal microbiota transplant mostly improves the symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder, improving the quality of life of these patients.

Conclusion: The studies that focused on treatment with probiotics and fetal microbiota transplantation demonstrate encouraging results for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).