Riesgo de fractura de cadera en pacientes diabéticos: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus entails a series of complications extensively mentioned in the literature. One of them is the occurrence of fractures, which become more severe with increasing age. However, hip fracture specifically has been a subject of debate in the academic field. General objective: To analyze the relationship between the risk of hip fracture and diabetes mellitus in adult patients. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing approximately 30 articles from various health-related databases such as Springer Link, PubMed, UpToDate, Elsevier, among others. After applying different eligibility criteria and undergoing an extensive screening process according to the PRISMA 2020 model, 7 articles fully met the informational requirements of the research. Subsequently, a bias analysis was applied, reflecting a generally low risk. Results: The sample consisted of 96,083 patients with DM, with a mean age of 73.9 years, approximately 70% of whom were women. The main risk factors significantly associated between both conditions were cognitive dysfunction, in-hospital mortality, and femoral neck bone density. Conclusions: The prevalence of hip fractures varied among studies, without being the most common type of fracture among adult diabetic patients. Bone density in diabetic patients was significantly associated with a higher risk of hip fracture. Other factors included hypertension, advanced age, cardiovascular diseases, patients with cardiovascular diseases, cognitive dysfunction, and high body mass index. Keywords: hip fractures, bone density, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), protective factors