Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de Hakim Adams

Abstract

Introduction: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological condition characterized by the dilation of the cerebral ventricles in the absence of a significant increase in intracranial pressure. This disease presents with progressive symptoms, including gait disorders, cognitive impairment, and bladder control alterations. Objective: To detail the main diagnostic and treatment methods for Hakim Adams Syndrome. Methodology: An exhaustive literature search was conducted in specialized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were applied to select clinical studies and literature reviews published in the last five years. Results: The most common symptoms of normal-pressure hydrocephalus included gait disorders, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, and altered mental state. Imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography proved to be useful for early and accurate diagnosis of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery emerged as an effective therapeutic option to improve function and quality of life in affected patients. Conclusions: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus poses a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific symptoms. The use of advanced imaging techniques and clinical evaluation scales is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery presents as a promising therapeutic option.