Cáncer de mama en Latinoamérica Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is a serious public health issue in Latin America, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding its characteristics, risk factors, and complications is crucial for implementing effective prevention and management strategies. Objective: To analyze the characteristics of breast cancer in Latin America in recent years based on a systematic literature review. Methodology: A descriptive study with a retrospective quantitative approach was conducted. The methodology included different articles published between 2019 and 2024 in databases such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Web of Science, SciELO, and PubMed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the selection of studies. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of breast cancer in Latin America, ranging from 14% to almost 40%. The risk factors identified were age over forty, obesity, family history, alcoholism, smoking, and late menopause. Regarding the role of nursing, shortcomings were identified in training for emotional support, and a standardized care plan was proposed. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality. It is essential that women undergo preventive screening to enable early diagnosis and effective treatment by health professionals.

Keywords: breast cancer, prevalence, risk factors, complications, nursing role.