Aspectos éticos del consentimiento informado de la reproducción asistida

Abstract

This literature review addresses the ethical complexities of truly informed consent in the medical field of assisted reproduction. It focuses on the responsibility of healthcare professionals to provide clear and comprehensive information, enabling patients to make informed decisions. The study highlights essential ethical elements, such as the appropriate presentation of the risks, benefits, and limitations of treatments, to promote patient autonomy and ensure that their decisions respect their rights and personal beliefs. To conduct this review, a systematic literature search was performed, including academic articles, bioethical guidelines, qualitative studies on patient experiences, and codes of ethical practice in medicine. The databases used were PubMed, UpToDate, and Medline. The findings underscore the importance of clear and personalized communication to ensure that patients understand all the technical and ethical aspects of the process, from gamete retrieval to embryo donation or experimentation. Furthermore, the review identifies common ethical dilemmas in assisted reproduction, such as conflicts surrounding surrogacy and the protection of donor confidentiality, as well as the emotional and psychological impact on participants. It concludes that informed consent should be a dynamic process that allows patients to raise concerns and reflect on their decisions. Ethical guidelines are proposed that foster trust, reduce stress, and respect personal values, ensuring an ethical and professional framework for medical practice.