Calidad de vida en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en terapia de reemplazo renal en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Cuenca-Ecuador. Diciembre 2022

Abstract

Background: Approximately 6909 million people worldwide require renal replacement therapy, and patients undergoing this therapy negatively perceive their quality of life.

Objective: To determine the quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing renal replacement therapy at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in Cuenca-Ecuador in December 2022.

Methodology: The descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study. Patients’ quality of life was related to hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis. A sample of 244 participants. A sociodemographic survey and the validated KDQOL-36 questionnaire were used. SPSSv.15 and Excel 2016 (KDQOL-36 v.20) were used for data interpretation. Sociodemographic variables were interpreted with descriptive statistics, and the relationship was interpreted with association statistics OR, 95% CI with statistical significance p<0.05.

Results: More than half corresponded to older adults (53.3%), with a slight predominance of the female sex (54.1%). Hemodialysis predominated at 82% versus peritoneal dialysis at 18%. Hemodialysis patients are more at risk of presenting a poor quality of life in all domains: symptoms (OR:2.35 CI:95% 2.35-1.12 p 0.014), burden (OR:2.31 CI:95% 1.18-4.52 p 0.012), physical component (OR:2. 20 CI:95% 1.07-4.51 p 0.026) and mental component (OR:5.54 CI:95% 2.75-11.15 p 0.000) except for the effect component, where it proved to be a protective factor (OR:0.45 CI:95% 0.21-0.96 p 0.025).

Conclusions: Quality of life is affected in those patients undergoing hemodialysis, and the burden, physical and mental components are related to poor quality of life. Only the effect subscale proved to be a protective factor in hemodialysis patients.