Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades cardiovasculares en adultos en Ecuador

Abstract

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, with 2 million deaths reported annually. In Latin America, three out of four people develop one of these diseases, and in Ecuador, they top the list of leading causes of mortality. According to the 2018 STEPS survey, non-communicable diseases accounted for more than 50% of deaths in that period, and 48.6% corresponded to CVD. However, a large part of these deaths could be avoided with healthy lifestyle changes, thus reducing the risk factors associated with these pathologies, specifically those that can be modified. Objective: To identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in adults in Ecuador. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional literature review with a quantitative approach was conducted using journals with high scientific impact, such as SciELO, Elsevier, Redalyc, PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Dialnet, employing the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR." Results: It is expected to identify the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases, the methods utilized in Ecuador for their identification and stratification, and determine the epidemiological conditions of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Ecuador.