Trastornos temporomandibulares en pacientes jóvenes con tratamientos ortodónticos fijos finalizados y no finalizados. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

The masticatory system is comprised of joints, muscles, teeth, and nerves, which work together in a coordinated manner during mouth movements. The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is essential to this system, as it connects the skull to the jaw. The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, the articular disc, the mandible condyle, and the adjacent ligaments form the TMJ. Disturbances in these structures can lead to temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMD), manifesting with symptoms such as pain, joint noises, and limited oral opening. Temporomandibular joint disorders can have anatomical, inflammatory, and psychological causes, and their presence indicates the need for therapeutic intervention. Temporomandibular disorders are a public health problem with a variable prevalence in the population, especially among young patients. There is a controversial association between orthodontics and TMDs, with the belief that jaw misalignment and occlusal factors may cause or influence TMDs. However, scientific evidence has supported chiefly orthodontics' lack of adverse effects on TMJ. For these reasons, there has been an increased interest in the relationship among occlusal factors, orthodontic treatment, and TMDs, resulting in a demand for related research. Therefore, this literature review aims to analyze the literature on temporomandibular disorders in young patients with completed and incomplete fixed orthodontic treatment.