Tratamiento antimicrobiano en shock séptico. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis is a dysregulated body response to an infection, resulting in a systemic immune response that can progress to septic shock if not managed promptly and appropriately. Bacteria are the main causal agents, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most common pathogen in 77% of cases, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae in 45%. The severity level depends on the setting in which the individual was infected, increasing the importance of hospital emergency departments in recent years for timely detection and the application of new clinical practice guidelines. These guidelines assess the level of compromise and mortality risk and the need for early and adequate treatment. Objective: To identify the antimicrobials currently used in septic shock. Methodology: A systematic review of septic shock and the antimicrobials used was conducted through a literature search of scientific articles, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using databases such as Taylor& Francis, Redalyc, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Conclusions: Diagnostic methods are crucial for timely and appropriate treatment based on each patient’s severity. According to current guidelines, the most commonly used antimicrobials are cephalosporins and carbapenems, administered as monotherapy or in combination therapy. Early empirical treatment in suspected septic shock cases significantly reduces mortality rates. Keywords: shock, sepsis, multi-organ, antimicrobial