Redes sociales y autoconcepto en adolescentes.

Abstract

Introduction: During adolescence, social media amplifies self-perception, social comparison, and the search for approval, which may influence adolescents’ self-concept on emotional, physical, social, and family levels. Objective: To analyze, through a literature review of published evidence, the relationship between the use of social media and the dimensions of self-concept in adolescents. Methodology: A descriptive and retrospective literature review was conducted using databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar, including studies in English and Spanish involving adolescents aged 10 to 19 years that measured self-concept. Initially, 233 studies were identified, and after a selection process based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 studies were selected as they were aligned with the specific objectives of this research. Results: A relationship between social media and self- concept was observed; however, it varies across its dimensions. The most consistent effects are observed in physical and emotional domains, particularly when exposed to body ideals or low self-acceptance, associated with lower body satisfaction and greater distress. Regarding social domains, findings vary depending on the individual and the context. In the family domain, indirect associations predominate through communication and conflict. Conclusion: These changes are better explained by how the social media platform is used—that is, active or passive engagement, exposure and monitoring, appearance-focused content and influencers, the platform, the time of use, and the family context—rather than by screen time. Therefore, prevention should be focused on specific usage patterns and individual vulnerability.