Hemorragias en mujeres embarazadas en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Obstetric hemorrhage refers to losses of large volumes of blood during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum; different reasons, such as uterine rupture, placental abruption, placenta previa, trauma, and coagulation problems, can cause it. Objective: This study aims to gather current information on obstetric hemorrhage in pregnant women in Latin America. Methodology: A descriptive literature review was conducted through the analysis and synthesis of relevant and updated information on hemorrhages during pregnancy from bibliographic sources, including scientific articles and international health organizations; databases accessed from the library of the Catholic University of Cuenca were used, employing the Boolean operator AND for the search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were managed under the developed topic. Results: The most common types of hemorrhage can occur before or after delivery due to threatened miscarriage, ectopic or molar pregnancies; the identified signs and symptoms were contraction-type pain and hemodynamic instability. Complications comprised maternal and fetal mortality, damage to target organs, and risk factors like multiple pregnancies, maternal diabetes mellitus, and hypertensive disorders were described. Interventions for comprehensive care included pregnancy monitoring, comprehensive patient management during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, and continuous monitoring of the fetus and neonate. Conclusions: Obstetric hemorrhage can be prevented with adequate monitoring during the gestational, childbirth, and postpartum periods. Mothers need to seek specialized medical attention from the suspicion of pregnancy to avoid complications. Keywords: Hemorrhage, Women, Postpartum period, Risk factors, Nursing care.