Manejo nutricional postquirúrgico de pacientes con desnutrición. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: A patient who is operated on in a state of malnutrition has a higher risk of nutritional depletion in the post-surgical period, which is produced by inadequate caloric intake that, together with metabolic stress and surgical trauma, increasesthe risk of post-surgical complications, hospital stay, and morbidity and mortality. Methodology: A narrative literature review on the nutritional management of postsurgical patients with malnutrition was conducted in scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct through the PRISMA strategy. Results: Forty-two studies were reviewed, which compiled the primary recommendations on the nutritional management of post-surgical patients with malnutrition. Conclusions: The nutritional approach in patients with malnutrition undergoing surgery is essential to avoid post-surgical complications. A protocolized and individualized dietary assessment is vital in the hospital context because, in addition to positively effecting patient recovery, it reduces hospital stay, morbidity and mortality, and the use of resources