La cirugía de reconstrucción articular de rodilla por gonartrosis. Revisión Bibliografica

Abstract

Traumatic injuries and gonarthrosis effects require surgical knee reconstruction. Various surgical procedures are verified, including arthroscopy, mechanical axis aligning osteotomies, single-compartment substituting prostheses, and total knee replacements. Nowadays, these treatments are not considered definitive or curative for gonarthrosis; instead, they aim to improve the patient's clinical conditions and decrease the progressive process of joint degeneration. Objective: To characterize knee joint reconstruction surgery for gonarthrosis in adult patients. Methods: A literature review was conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach. DeCS descriptors and qualifiers were employed for the keywords, and databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, SciELO, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis were utilized. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used, and data extraction was performed using a bibliographic index card. The types of analyzed studies were chosen to meet the objectives. Results: A posterior-stabilized total knee replacement is used by 73% of surgeons, 18% apply a cruciate-retaining total knee replacement, and 9% prefer a medial pivot design. Common complications include acute renal failure, transfusions, and periprosthetic joint infection; these were more apparent in the HIV-positive group.