Efectos neuropsicológicos del uso excesivo de redes sociales en adolescentes.

Abstract

Currently, excessive use of social media is a global issue due to its impact on adolescdents’ neuropsychological development, as this period is characterized by brain maturation and high sensitivity to reinforcing digital stimuli. This study aimed to analyze the current scientific evidence on the neuropsychological effects associated with excessive social media use among adolescents, as well as to identify the cognitive functions most affected and the main prevention strategies reported in the literature. A narrative literature review was conducted by searching databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Dialnet, Web of Science, and Taylor & Francis. The results show that excessive social media use is primarily associated with the development of difficulties in sustained attention, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as a decline in executive functions. Some studies reported changes in brain regions linked to cognitive control, although the evidence is not yet entirely consistent. In terms of prevention, strategies such as self-regulation, digital education, and support from family and school environments stand out for their effectiveness. In conclusion, excessive use of social media could pose a serious risk to neuropsychological functioning in adolescents. However, further longitudinal and neuroimaging studies are still needed to better understand this relationship.