Síndrome de HELLP: Manejo Multidisciplinario y Desafíos en la Práctica de Enfermería

Abstract

HELLP syndrome is a severe and potentially fatal obstetric complication that significantly affects hepatic, hematologic, and renal functions. Its prevalence is estimated at between 0.5% and 0.9% of pregnancies. Objective: To analyze the challenges faced by nursing staff in the multidisciplinary management of HELLP syndrome, considering incidence, maternal-fetal complications, nursing interventions, and organizational barriers that condition comprehensive and safe patient care. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, in eight scientific databases covering the period 2020–2025, with 29 studies selected that met criteria for methodological validity, thematic relevance, and peer review. Results: The main risk factors were advanced maternal age, primiparity, and arterial hypertension. The most effective nursing interventions were based on the application of the Nursing Care Process (NCP) and the NANDA, NIC, and NOC taxonomies, prioritizing hemodynamic control, monitoring of urine output, and preventive education. Barriers identified included limited resources, training deficiencies, and slowness of administrative processes. Conclusions: Strengthening professional training, interdisciplinary coordination, and adequate resource provision are key elements to optimize patient safety and reduce associated maternal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: HELLP syndrome, nursing care, preeclampsia, systematic review.