Biomarcadores en el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de mama

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is known as a highly prevalent disease that requires reliable early detection methods to improve patients’ quality of life and survival rates. The present study investigates the efficacy of biomarkers in the early diagnosis of BC, their usefulness in detecting the disease in its early stages, and their impact on patients’ life and survival. Literature Review: Over the last ten years, early diagnosis of BC has been crucial to improving patient survival and quality of life. Therefore, biomarkers such as Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA) or Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) 15-3 stand out as promising tools in early diagnosis due to their sensitivity to detect early-stage disease and improve diagnostic accuracy. Tumor marker testing for BC is not determined by a specific age but rather by the combination of risk factors, symptoms, or prevention. The combination of biomarkers and the development of methods that employ advanced sensor technology show encouraging results, as is the case with the Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor biosensor (SiNW-FET), offering exciting prospects for accurate and early BC detection, which could have positive implications for the clinical practice and treatment of this disease. Conclusion: Biomarkers have emerged as promising tools in the early diagnosis of BC. The literature review highlights their ability to identify this disease in early stages and their positive impact on survival and quality of life. However, more research is required to validate their efficacy in different clinical settings. Ultimately, integrating biomarkers into clinical practice could mean a significant advance in the early diagnosis and treatment of BC.