Lesión del nervio dentario inferior durante el tratamiento quirúrgico del tercer molar inferior. Artículo de revisión bibligráfica

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relevant contents on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of the inferior alveolar nerve injury during the extraction of the third lower molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is descriptive with a qualitative approach supported by a literature review. Articles from scientific journals in the databases, EBSCO, PubMed and Google Scholar were consulted as sources of information according to the selection criteria proposed. 71 articles that met the criteria were reviewed. The information was structured for better understanding in: Epidemiology, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment. RESULTS: The results respond to establish a review on the clinical anatomy and its relationship with the extraction of the third molars, clarifying the link between the classifications and prognosis, the non-surgical causes of the damage to the Inferior Alvolear Nerve by the extraction of the 3MI are also described, its clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The extraction of mandibular third molars has a variable incidence. A complete surgical extraction and distoangular retention of the 3MI, Pell and Gregory class 3 and C, and a greater depth relationship of the 3MI with the mandibular canal have a higher risk of suffering from this complication. The risk is increased if one or more of the Rood and Shehab imaging criteria are met. Diagnosis is made by questioning and physical examination, treatment should always be directed at the cause.