Implicación de la disbiosis intestinal en la obesidad

Abstract

The gut microbiota has been determined to regulate many physiological processes through interactions with the host, such as digestion of food, absorption and metabolism of nutrients, synthesis of vitamins and bile acids, as well as modulation of innate immunity. and mucosa, epithelial growth, development of layers, prevention of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, and even regulation of host gene expression. The alteration of these processes due to intestinal dysbiosis could be involved in the pathophysiology of Obesity. A balance between the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a low amount of Proteobacteria has been associated with a healthy gut microbiota. Prevotella, Veillonella, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Streptococcus, Faecalitalea, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia. Proteus. Shiguella and Fusobacterium were associated with obesity. Studies have revealed various environmental factors such as excessive consumption of fatty and sugary foods or exposure to stressful factors as causes of intestinal dysbiosis; however, there is also an important hereditary genetic component that predisposes to the development of the intestinal microbiome, reaching the conclusion that intestinal dysbiosis could be a trace of both the environment and hereditary genetic material and predispose future generations to these metabolic alterations. Microbials associated with weight loss may have therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic diseases, including A. muciniphila, las, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia. Assessment of universal biomarkers of the gut microbiota in obesity can be applied for early prediction and potential targets for adjuvant obesity treatments.