Control metabólico con el sistema de monitorización continua de glucosa en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered the epidemic of the XXI century, causing macrovascular and microvascular complications; thus, adequate metabolic control is vital. Currently, continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) are used to prevent secondary complications by measuring and predicting interstitial glucose variability, which helps prevent episodes of nocturnal hypoglycemia and guide insulin therapies. Objective: To describe the impact of the continuous glucose monitoring system on metabolic control in patients with T2DM. Methodology: An exhaustive search of the scientific literature was conducted to obtain selected information on the use of CGMS in the metabolic control of patients with T2DM in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical trials, case-control studies, and cohort studies containing updated data in Spanish and English were used. Results: Seventeen studies were selected out of 734, in which it was found that CGMS allow 24-hour glucose monitoring, detection of nocturnal hypoglycemia, and can guide insulin therapy since they identify glycemic variability. However, their use still has limitations: difficulty entering information into these systems, skin irritation, discomfort due to size, and alarms that interfere with daily activities. Conclusions: CGMS prevent complications as they detect episodes of hypoglycemia and glycemic variability, suggesting it as an effective tool in metabolic control.