PH salival según enfermedad periodontal. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this research was to determinate the types of microorganisms present in periodontal disease and its relationship of salivary pH according to periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was used a literature review using databases like: Medline, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Redalyc, Scielo, PubMed. In this research were found 57 articles in English and Spanish, which were published in the last 7 years, these were chosen using criteria inclusion, placing emphasis on study design, methodology, intervention and comparison, results and analysis, related to pH and periodontal disease. Otherwise, research articles that had no relationship to salivary pH and periodontal disease, articles published out the last seven years, were excluded. RESULTS: I was found that the microorganisms present in periodontal disease are strict anaerobic gram negatives with high proteolytic activity, which justifies the relationship between salivary pH according to the severity of periodontal disease, the progression of which causes the pH to become alkaline due to degradation of structural matrix proteins and the immune system. CONCLUSIONS: The most prevailing microorganisms in periodontal disease are Porphyromona gingivalis 30%, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 25%, Treponema denticola 20%, Tannerella torsythia 10%, Fusobacterium nucleatum 10%, Prevotella intermedia 5%. It was determined too that according to the type of periodontal disease, the pH values changes, in mild periodontitis 7.13 ± 0.2, moderate 7.32 ± 0.3, and advanced 7.57 ± 0.4. Making it known that as the progression of the disease increases, the degree of alkalinity of the pH increases.