Factores de riesgo que influyen en las enfermedades crónicas respiratorias en los adultos mayores: Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases represent a relevant challenge to the older adult population at a global level. These afflictions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and other chronic pulmonary disorders, have a significant impact on the older adults’ quality of life and increase their susceptibility to complications and disability. Objective: To identify the risk factors influencing older adults’ chronic respiratory diseases. Methodology: The present research is a systematic literature review utilizing the PRISMA methodology, in which twenty documents are considered from different databases like Scopus, Springer, Web of Sciences, and ProQuest, among others. Results: Older adults are developing chronic respiratory diseases risk due to factors like tobacco use, pollution, aging, and previous illnesses. Identifying and controlling these factors are important to prevent and treat chronic respiratory diseases and improve the quality of life of older adults. Conclusion: There exist various risk factors that influence the development of chronic respiratory diseases in older adults, including tobacco use, exposure to environmental contaminants and chemical substances, the respiratory system natural aging, and previous illnesses. These risk factors prevention and adequate treatment can help to reduce the chronic respiratory diseases risk and improve the older adults’ quality of life. Keywords: risk factors, older adult, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.