Prospección de controladores biológicos y monitoreo de daños de mosca de la fruta en manzano y durazno en Gualaceo, Paute y Azogues

Abstract

This research evaluated the prospecting of biological controllers and the monitoring of fruit fly damage in apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) within the canton of Gualaceo, Paute, and Azogues. Samples were taken from fly specimens obtained in trapping, as well as from fruit for rearing in the laboratory. After using Korytkowski's entomological keys, the main species were identified and finally corroborated by the Plant Health Department of Agrocalidad. Fly damage was studied by calculating the percentage of damage and the infestation index. The biological controllers were characterized morphologically and molecularly. For the statistical analysis, it was used the mean and other measures of dispersion, which resulted in the presence of the genera Anastrepha and Ceratitis, the damage determined that in the canton of Gualaceo there is a higher percentage of damage close to 64% for fruit trees and an infestation rate of 79% for apple trees and 81% in peach trees. The evaluation of biological controllers identified the presence of the wasp Doryctobracton crawfordi, no predators were found, but a total of six species of fungi. It is concluded that the survey of biological controllers identified the species of the Braconidae family, and the monitoring of damages indicates a percentage of affections of 64% in peach and 42% in apple trees, being the Gualaceo canton where there is more damage. Keywords: fruit fly, peach (prunus persica), apple (malus domestica), doryctobracton crawfordi, anastrepha, ceratitis