Desarrollo psicomotor y evolución en los niños con síndrome de Down. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Down syndrome, characterized by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, is the leading cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin. This genetic alteration results in several distinctive physical and cognitive characteristics in affected individuals, who will live with Down syndrome throughout their lives. Currently, a significant shift has been observed in the management of children with this condition. From a very early age, therapies are implemented to promote future independence. Objective: To describe the psychomotor development and progression in children with Down syndrome. Methods: A descriptive and analytical study was conducted, based on the PRISMA 2020 GUIDELINE, to gather information about psychomotor development in children with Down syndrome. Results: A comprehensive systematic review was carried out, compiling information from 25 studies using available scientific evidence to identify psychomotor development milestones and their progression in children affected by this syndrome. Conclusions: Aerobic exercises, neuromuscular training, and hippotherapy have proven to be fundamental to increasing mobility and strength. Stimulation and physical therapy are also crucial; an emphasis is placed on individualizing treatment to meet the unique needs of each child. Keywords: Down syndrome, psychomotor development, progression