Factores predisponentes del cáncer de mama en Ecuador

Abstract

Breast cancer is a condition in which breast cells become altered and multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors that, if not treated in time, become malignant. It is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among women in Ecuador. This research aims to identify the predisposing risk factors for breast cancer in Ecuador. This is a systematic, descriptive review using the PRISMA 2020 methodology, based on databases such as SciELO, Medline, Elsevier, and repositories of Ecuadorian universities. The results showed that the main risk factor is being female, with 99.5%, followed by overweight and obesity at 56.9%, being over 50 years old at 28.92%, and family history at 40%. Consumption habits also show a significant impact, with tobacco at 34.93% and alcohol at 17%. Additionally, it has been determined that breast cancer is related to factors associated with sexual and reproductive health, such as the use of hormonal contraceptives (44%), being multiparous (61.44%), and early menarche (56%). Consequently, the main predisposing factors for breast cancer in Ecuador are related to age and sex, lifestyle, and hormonal factors, meaning that some of them can be modified through a healthy diet, physical exercise, and avoiding harmful habits.