Rotavirus en pacientes pediátricos a nivel de América Latina.

Abstract

Introduction: Rotavirus is considered a double-stranded RNA virus of the Reoviridae family and is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children up to 5 years old and neonates, affecting the gastrointestinal system primarily. It is linked to socioeconomic and seasonal factors across Latin America. Objective: To determine the different rotavirus infections, their prevalence, associated factors, complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions. Methodology: This study is a literature review conducted by searching various scientific databases such as Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, ProQuest, VHL Regional Portal, and Dialnet. Results: The presence of rotavirus in different pediatric patients shows high prevalence rates: Mexico 60-70%, Argentina 80%, Colombia 93%, and Cuba 44.9%, among others. The persistence of this virus is mainly related to socioeconomic status and deficiencies in sanitation, education, and healthcare. Therapeutic approaches focus primarily on using the rotavirus vaccine through health programs. Finally, nursing interventions are based on the patient care process and promotion and prevention through education to increase knowledge about this virus. Conclusion: The information gathered indicates that rotavirus remains a public health problem due to Latin America’s high infant mortality rate.

Keywords: Rotavirus infections, Latin America, risk factors, prevalence, rotavirus vaccines.