Diabetes gestacional a nivel de Latinoamérica

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes is the intolerance to carbohydrates, resulting in hyperglycemia. It occurs for the first time during gestation and after delivery, it usually disappears, but on other occasions, type 2 diabetes can develop in both the mother and the newborn. Objective: To conduct a literature review of Gestational Diabetes in Latin America. Methodology: An analysis of scientific databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, Proquest, Springer, Pudmed, Redalyc, Scielo, Researchgate, Medigraphic, Dialnet, 39 original articles, 5 review articles, 1 WHO document, 1 PAHO document, and 5 documents from different websites of Latin American Health Organizations, published between 2016 to 2021 were used. Results: It was evidenced that among the Latin American countries studied, the prevalence varies according to the diagnostic criteria employed, the most relevant risk factors are age and overweight, the most frequent complication in the mother is arterial hypertension and macrosomia in the newborn, the treatment is essentially based on diet and physical activity, but if necessary, pharmacological therapy should be taken into account, nursing intervention is important since it is responsible for promotion, prevention and care to improve the quality of life of the pregnant woman. Conclusion: Once the analysis of the documents was finished, it allowed learning that gestational diabetes has a high rate of maternal and neonatal morbimortality and that with adequate prenatal control its prevalence can be reduced.