Edentulismo total y parcial relacionado a la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to identify the impacts of edentulism on the quality of life of the elderly, to know the main systemic diseases produced as a consequence of edentulism, to analyze the most used instruments to measure the impact of quality of life and to establish the frequency of edentulism through bibliographic review MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliographic review of scientific literature in English and Spanish was carried out, a search was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Scielo, WHO and Lilacs, where They established inclusion criteria, finding relevant information in 58 articles, of which 47 met the proposed criteria. RESULTS: The incidence of partial edentulism ranges from 75% to 20% and total from 80% to 2%. The instruments most used to measure quality of life were the GOHAI, OIDP and OHIP. Systemic diseases such as: atherosclerotic vascular disease, lung disease and diabetes are conditions that affect a large percentage of the population and have been studied in relation to oral health since some oral pathogens can participate in their appearance. The edentulous patient is at risk of malnutrition or obesity, and total edentulism may be associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of life related to edentulism in older adults has been affected by functional, aesthetic and psychological conditions leading to masticatory and phonetic problems, affecting social relationships, etc.