Resistencia a betalactámicos. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Resistance to beta-lactam is a global health issue that involves the inability to respond to the action of antibiotics. This systematic review aims to identify factors associated with beta-lactam resistance, the primary microorganisms resistant to these drugs, and their complications. Method: A qualitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study with a descriptive analysis was conducted. The data collection technique was a review of scientific articles published from 2018 onwards, in Spanish and English, from databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus, as well as organizations like the World Health Organization and the Pan American Health Organization. Exclusion criteria included non-compliance with years of publication, articles not available in English or Spanish, and those not meeting the objectives. The information was organized into tables. Results: It was obtained 53,719 records. After applying filters, 11 articles were from PubMed, two from Google Scholar, four from Scopus, three from SciELO, and one from Cochrane, along with other sources for theoretical foundation, resulting in 36 sources. Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli are the main microorganisms resistant to beta-lactams. The associated factors include non-prescription use, dosage non-compliance, and improper use by healthcare professionals. Complications include high public costs and increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Discussion: Based on the results, it was deduced that the information collected is consistent across countries, noting that in Ecuador, there is no relevant data on this topic. Other: Self-funded by the author.

Keywords: resistance, beta-lactams, antibiotics, factors, complications