Eficacia del trasplante de microbiota fecal como tratamiento en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents two pathologies of probable autoimmune etiology and chronic evolution, which do not always respond to conventional treatments; these are Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease using a systematic review of the existing scientific literature. Method: A descriptive analysis of cases was conducted, and quantitative methods were applied to identify the efficacy of this new therapeutic approach in IBD, focusing on the structural development of the work on the Prisma 2020 Guide. Results: Of the 16 case studies, two studied the efficacy of FMT in CD with the HBI Score scale; the efficacy data exceeded half of the patients, with an average of 58.58%; those nine who were evaluated UC with the Mayo scale, obtained an average of 56.41%, in the case of the five studies that were evaluated with other scales, only 3 of them presented efficacy data below 50%, highlighting that, the adverse effects are minimal or it is usable for clinical practice. Conclusions: After the adequate analysis of the information, it was possible to observe in several studies that the efficacy of FMT is relatively high and has a good prognosis; therefore, it is proposed as an excellent alternative intervention for managing inflammatory bowel disease; however, it is recommended that studies with more significant samples, proper control, and long-term follow-up be performed. Keywords: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, efficacy, microbiota, transplantation