Estratégias de prevención de la obesidad infantil en niños y adolescentes menores de 19 años.

Abstract

Childhood and adolescent obesity have become a complex global issue, affecting all segments of society without distinction. It has become a significant risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, this study aims to develop a strategy for preventing childhood obesity in children and adolescents under 19 years of age, determine the factors causing it, and identify the relationship between dietary habits and physical activity about obesity. The methodology involved a review of existing literature in various digital repositories such as Scopus, Elsevier, SciELO, Killkana, dSPACE, and Medigraphic, both in Spanish and English. The results showed that initiatives promoting healthy eating and physical activity evidenced a meaningful effect on reducing obesity. Identified factors contributing to this problem include inadequate dietary habits, a sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of technological devices, low socioeconomic status, family history of obesity, lack of physical activity, urban residence, and a combination of breastfeeding with formula milk. These factors do not act in isolation but often intersect, exacerbating the problem further. In conclusion, it is essential to adapt strategies to the needs of everyone, addressing factors such as physical activity level, dietary preferences, and overall health. Additionally, it is crucial to involve parents, educational institutions, and caregivers in implementing these strategies to reverse this worrying trend and ensure a healthier future for future generations.