Intervenciones de enfermería en cáncer orofaríngeo

Abstract

Introduction: Oropharyngeal cancer is a pathology that develops in the back of the throat, which includes the base of the tongue, tonsils, and soft palate. Cancer consists of the excessive proliferation of cells, thus invading the different types of human tissues. Objective: To perform a literature review on nursing interventions in oropharyngeal cancer. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in databases such as SciELO, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, Elsevier, and Proquest. Results: Oropharyngeal cancer's prevalence varies according to country and gender. Factors associated with oropharyngeal cancer include alcohol consumption, tobacco, Human papillomavirus (HPV), genetic factors, and dietary or environmental factors, among others. Some of the complications produced by this pathology are dysgeusia, odynophagia, dysphagia, malnutrition, swallowing disorders, decreased swallowing strength, and swallowing delay. The therapeutic approach uses transoral laser surgery (TOLS), transoral robotic surgery (TORS), chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Finally, nursing interventions are based on pain management, nutritional care, patient and family support, and education. Conclusions: Oropharyngeal cancer is a persistent pathology in which some factors can influence its development; therefore, the fundamental role of the nursing staff during the patient care process is highlighted. Keywords: Oropharyngeal neoplasms, Nursing care, Neoplasms of the mouth, Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.