Efectividad de la técnica de Lichtenstein modificada versus la técnica de Bassini en el tratamiento de hernias inguinales: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Inguinal hernias are a surgical condition characterized by the protrusion of abdominal contents through the abdominal wall, significantly affecting patients' daily well-being. Surgical treatment aims to restore normal anatomy, utilizing either the modified Lichtenstein technique, which employs a tension-free approach with a synthetic mesh, or the Bassini technique, which focuses on anatomical reconstruction without mesh, for managing inguinal hernias. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the Lichtenstein technique compared to the Bassini technique in the surgical treatment of patients with inguinal hernias. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The NIH and RoB-1 tools were used to assess methodological quality and risk of bias in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results: Significant variations in clinical outcomes were revealed, with the Lichtenstein technique demonstrating a lower recurrence rate (1-5%) compared to the Bassini technique (>10%). The Lichtenstein technique's mesh reinforces the hernia defect, reduces tissue tension, minimizes postoperative complications, decreases pain associated with the condition, and shortens surgical stay durations. These findings suggest that the modified Lichtenstein technique is more effective than the Bassini technique for managing inguinal hernias. Keywords: inguinal hernias, Bassini technique, Lichtenstein technique