Parto humanizado en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Humanized childbirth is the process of giving birth, which reflects the empowerment of women, is characterized by respect for the rights of the pregnant woman and her family, considering their values, culture, customs, traditions and placing her as the main character of care. The following research questions were considered: incidence, types of humanized childbirth, associated factors, therapeutic approach, and nursing models in humanized childbirth. It is a bibliographic review of narrative type, through the search of scientific documents found in institutional pages of the health area and in scientific databases Pubmed, Scopus, Taylor &Francis, Scielo, Medigraphic, ScienceDirect, in Spanish, English, Portuguese languages, the descriptors of health science were considered. Studies on the incidence of humanized childbirth in Latin America are scarce, so it has not been possible to find more in Ecuador, but records of humanized childbirth have been found in the hospitals Docente de Calderón and San Luis de Otavalo. The pregnant woman can adopt different types of childbirth: normal, respected, painless, fearless, psychoprophylactic, non-violent, vertical with its variants, horizontal childbirth. The associated factors are: social, cultural, demographic, environmental, economic, religious. The therapeutic approach is carried out with analgesic and oxytocic drugs; the non-medicalized approach with the application of complementary therapies such as music therapy, aromatherapy, use of Swiss ball, among others. The nursing models that address humanized childbirth are those of Madeleine Leininger, Kristen Swanson, and Jean Watson.