Factores de riesgo de la somnolencia diurna excesiva en estudiantes de educación secundaria y superior. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Title: Risk Factors for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Secondary and Higher Education Students. A Systematic Review Objective: To identify risk factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in high school and higher education students. Methodology: This systematic review included peer-reviewed studies on the topic published in the last five years in English or Spanish. Exclusion criteria included studies that did not specifically address the topic, non-peer-reviewed publications, and studies with populations other than students. Databases used for this review included Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, SciELO, Wiley Online Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from the past five years. The risk of bias was assessed using the NHLBI tool for observational studies, emphasizing the clarity of the research question. Results were synthesized quantitatively using odds ratios and correlation coefficients. Results: Excessive daytime sleepiness was significantly associated with poor sleep quality, electronic device use before sleep, academic stress, and substance use, negatively impacting academic performance and emotional well-being. Discussion: Evidence from multiple studies indicates that daytime sleepiness in students is linked to factors such as poor sleep quality, electronic device use, academic stress, and substance use. Conclusions and Relevance: Daytime sleepiness in students is influenced by multiple factors that affect their academic performance and well-being. Health and education professionals are encouraged to implement interventions that improve sleep quality and manage academic stress. Keywords: sleep quality, students, associated factors, systematic review, daytime sleepiness