Deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores pertenecientes a asociaciones de pensionados y jubilados de la provincia del Cañar, Ecuador 2025

Abstract

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a progressive alteration of higher mental functions that affects about 10% of older adults, with prevalence increasing with age. In Ecuador, population aging is a growing public health challenge, and in the province of Cañar, it poses a particular challenge for public health. Early detection is essential to prevent its progression. Objective: To identify cognitive impairment among older adults belonging to the Associations of Pensioners and Retirees of the province of Cañar, Ecuador, in 2025. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 100 adults aged 65 years and older. Four instruments were administered: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Katz Index, AMAI Index, and a sociodemographic-clinical questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25 software, using frequencies, means, and Chi-square tests (p < 0.05). Results: More than half of the participants (53%) presented cognitive impairment, which was associated with low educational level (p = 0.025), polypharmacy (p = 0.006), functional dependence (p < 0.001), and lack of cognitive stimulation (p < 0.001). No association was found with sex, age, or ethnicity. Prevalence was higher among individuals with a low socioeconomic level and those without regular physical activity. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was found among older adults in Cañar, associated with low educational level and lack of mental stimulation. Differences were observed in the associations, possibly related to activity levels and institutional support. Strengthening these spaces can promote active aging and prevent cognitive impairment through a community-based approach. Keywords: older adults, cognitive impairment, functional dependence, polypharmacy