Técnica quirúrgica de bisel interno vs externo en gingivectomía. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Smiling plays a decisive role in personal perception, relating to both aesthetics and functionality. Gingival alterations that affect this balance require periodontal interventions, such as gingivectomy, which can be performed using internal or external bevel techniques depending on the clinical diagnosis. Objective: To review the internal and external bevel surgical techniques used in gingivectomy, identifying their indications, contraindications, benefits, and clinical applications. Methodology: A documentary and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on a critical review of scientific literature indexed in databases such as PubMed and Redalyc, using DeCS/Mesh descriptors and Boolean operators. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance, accuracy, and consistency of the sources. Results: Comparative analyses showed that both techniques provide satisfactory clinical results when applied correctly; the internal bevel favors the preservation of gingival tissue and aesthetics, while the external bevel is useful in severe enlargements by allowing greater control of the gingival contour. Conclusion: Gingivectomy is an effective therapeutic alternative for the management of gingival enlargements and gingival smiles.Internal and external beveling techniques have particular benefits and should be selected according to the patient's clinical conditions and treatment objectives. Neither is superior; the choice depends on the diagnosis and individualized planning