Intervenciones de enfermería en el cuidado del paciente con shock hipovolémico en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Hypovolemic shock is a chronic condition when the blood amount and fluids in the body are significantly reduced. Methodology: This research was conducted through a narrative literature review, utilizing articles to collect information on databases such as Scielo, Dialnet, ProQuest, Scopus, Medigraphic, and PubMed and keywords linked to the DeCS "shock," "hemorrhagic shock," "nursing care," "Latin America," "prevalence" along with Boolean operators. Searching strategies were formulated. Results: Hypovolemic shock in most women is triggered by puerperium hemorrhage, where mortality is 1 per 5 mothers, followed by blunt trauma with 76.7%. The related factors are correlated to tissue damage, hypoperfusion, and comorbidities such as Hypertension, Diabetes, and Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, among others. The most alarming complication is circulatory collapse, leading to multi-organ dysfunction, causing death. Treatment of hypovolemic shock must be urgent, rapid, and effective. The objective is to balance and maintain enough blood volume by employing crystalloids, colloids, and vasoactive. Nurses play a critical role in providing first aid to patients experiencing hypovolemic shock and administrating appropriate vasoactive medications. Conclusions: Maternal hemorrhage is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock, followed by blunt traumas that can result from traffic accidents. The nurse’s role is pillar of prompt recognition of this condition and the administration of drugs or solutions to recover the blood volume deficit.