Impacto de intervenciones dietéticas y estilo de vida en pacientes con diabetes y dislipidemias. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

There is a close relationship between diabetes and dyslipidemia. Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, can lead to increased triglyceride production and reduced LDL cholesterol clearance. These conditions require not only pharmacological treatment but also emphasize the fundamental role of adherence to an appropriate dietary plan and individualized lifestyle modification. Objective: To analyze the impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia through a systematic review. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using information retrieved from the databases “PubMed,” “ScienceDirect,” “Scopus,” and “SciELO.” Results: Initially, 321 articles were identified. After screening and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Dietary plans such as low- carbohydrate diets, hypocaloric DASH diets, and vegetarian diets significantly reduce HbA1c levels and blood lipid concentrations. It is crucial to implement these dietary interventions in a personalized manner. A lifestyle focused primarily on physical activity, aimed at increasing muscle mass, reducing insulin resistance, and improving cholesterol and triglyceride levels, shows significant benefits in both primary prevention and treatment of diabetes and dyslipidemia, thereby contributing to reducing the incidence of associated complications. Keywords: diet, lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, lipids, insulin