Efectividad del esomeprazol versus lansoprazol para la prevención de úlceras gástricas: revisión sistemática

Abstract

The systematic review indicates that both esomeprazole and lansoprazole are effective in preventing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers; however, esomeprazole proves to be superior. This drug has better bioavailability, more stable acid control, and lower variability in clinical response. Studies highlight that it achieves a greater reduction in the incidence of ulcers, bleeding, and relapses, with success rates exceeding 85%. Lansoprazole, while effective, shows slightly lower outcomes and greater variability in efficacy. Both drugs present similar safety profiles, with mild and infrequent adverse effects. Overall, the evidence concludes that esomeprazole provides clear clinical advantages in high-risk patients and in the long-term use of NSAIDs. Methodology: This research consists of a descriptive systematic review with a qualitative approach, conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria include clinical trials and comparative observational studies published in the last five years. Results: According to the review of various articles, esomeprazole was identified as the drug offering greater protection against gastric ulcers and lower complication rates, providing clear evidence for optimizing clinical decision-making. Conclusions: Esomeprazole offers a slight advantage over lansoprazole in terms of efficacy and lower relapse rates, making it the preferred preventive option, especially in patients with a history of recurrent ulcers or in cases where reducing the risk of new long-term lesions is essential. Keywords: gastric ulcers, NSAIDs, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, proton pump inhibitors