Actualización sobre la terapia de presión positiva continua en las vías respiratorias como tratamiento del síndrome de apnea del sueño

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrentepisodes of partial or total upper airway collapse during sleep, the prevalence in adults aged 54-93 years exceeded 60%, with moderate to severe OSA in 30.3% of individuals of white ethnicity, 32.4% of African Americans, 38.2% of Hispanics and 39.4% of Chinese descent. Objective: Describe the update on continuous positive airway pressure therapy as a treatment for sleep apnea syndrome.Methodology: a narrative literature review was performed, studies were collected from different databases such as Medline, Lilacs, TripDataBase, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, Scopus, by means of identification-typing-eligibility-selection and based on the Scimago Journal Rank quality ranking.Results: multiple treatment effects were found, showing significant improvements in sleepiness and quality of life. A positive impact on depression and slight improvement in neurocognitive functions was also observed. In addition, it showed benefits in stroke prevention and atrial fibrillation. Adherence to CPAP was influenced by socioeconomic, psychological factors and side effects of the masks. These findings suggest the efficacy and relevance of CPAP treatment in patients with OSA, as well as the importance of considering multiple factors to improve adherenceand treatment outcomes