Intervención de enfermería en pacientes con Óbito Fetal

Abstract

Introduction: Stillbirth is defined as the death before the expulsion or complete extraction of the fetus given by conception regardless of gestation time, the causes that lead to stillbirth are ascending infections that affect the umbilical cord of the fetus generating stenosis and premature detachment of the placenta. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review with a search in scientific databases such as PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Sciencedirect, ProQuest, and Medigraphic; 54 articles were selected in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Results and Discussion: Concerning the prevalence of fetal abortion in Africa there is a variation from 34.5% to 39.6% and Latin America with 47% to 80%. Among the associated factors, asphyxia at delivery stands out with 18.6%, followed by umbilical cord alterations with 19% to 47%. Complications included placental abruption and high-flow hemorrhage with 6.7% to 57.8%. In nursing interventions in patients with fetal demise is related to bereavement care providing adequate care to obtain a favorable physical recovery with 43.8%. Conclusions: The group and reflective interaction of nurses related to care in cases of stillbirth promote self-care, through the development of knowledge, practices on nursing interventions towards patients, raising awareness of the suffering of others by providing adequate information avoiding negative emotional recovery of both the family and the same professional.