"Genotipos del virus del papiloma humano en citología alterada del cuello uterino"

Abstract

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. It accounts for 95% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. There are more than 200 HPV genotypes, including fifteen to nineteen high-risk HPV genotypes. Among the most prevalent are HPV 16, 18, 39, 58, and 31, which are responsible for developing cervical cancer. The most prevalent low-risk HPV genotypes are 6 and 11, which are involved in developing genital warts. Objective: To identify the presence of human papillomavirus genotypes in altered cervical cytology. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol for the compilation of information in papers from search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus, searching for human papillomavirus genotypes in altered cervical cytology. Results: There is evidence that high-risk HPV genotypes 16 and 18, followed by 39, 58, and 31, are involved in cervical cell transformation. Conclusion: HPV plays a vital role in developing cervical neoplasia, being the main risk factor for this pathology. However, the development of HPV vaccines may reduce the burden of this disease. Furthermore, another result reveals that no vaccine exist for infection caused by HPV genotype 39.