Métodos quirúrgicos en el tratamiento del síndrome del tunel carpiano.

Abstract

Introduction: Carpal syndrome is based on compression of the median nerve, a widespread pathology in the world with a prevalence of 5.5% according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, with a predominance in the female gender aged 50 to 60 years. The most effective treatment for this disease is surgery, with an effectiveness of 98%, with complications around 15-30%. Method: A systematic literature review of the last five years was conducted, covering 29 scientific documents on clinical interventions and observational studies related to surgical methods for treating carpal tunnel syndrome. Objective: To analyze surgical methods in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Results: The most frequently chosen technique, used in 42.85% of cases, was the minimally invasive endoscopic technique, which demonstrated an efficacy of approximately 95.82% and a complication rate of 2.92%. The open technique had an effectiveness of 93.57% with a complication rate of 4.71%. Lastly, the minimally invasive ultrasound-guided technique showed an efficacy of 89.40%, but complications occurred either during recovery or 1-2 weeks after, with a rate of 5.20%. Conclusions: The most utilized method in surgical treatment was the endoscopic technique, not only because it is less invasive than the open method or more effective than the ultrasound-guided method but also because it offers notable advantages such as fewer complications and faster recovery, both personally and professionally, compared to the open technique. Keywords: surgery, carpal tunnel, surgical methods, median nerve