Proceso de desentrenamiento deportivo: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Sports detraining refers to the reduction or cessation of training stimuli, resulting in a progressive loss of physiological adaptations and negatively affecting physical performance. This is manifested through decreases in VO2 max, lack of strength and power, and metabolic alterations. Therefore, it is crucial to implement controlled detraining strategies to ensure a healthy transition. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of sports detraining on the physical performance of elite athletes by evaluating physiological changes through a literature review, aiming to identify potential risks and negative consequences. A descriptive qualitative approach design methodology was used with the review of 35 academic articles serving as support for the academic research. The results show that detraining significantly reduces physical capacity, underscoring the importance of a planned transition to minimize its negative effects. In conclusion, sports detraining implies a considerable loss of the physiological adaptations achieved during training, which is manifested in a decrease in aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and metabolic efficiency, as well as an increase in body fat. Keywords: detraining, athletes, physical performance, physiological adaptations, sports planning