Tratamiento quirurgico de las lesiones del manguito rotador. Revision Sistematica

Abstract

Rotator cuff injuries are one of the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain, particularly affecting older adults and individuals with high levels of physical activity. These injuries include tears, subacromial impingement, and tendinopathies and their treatment can be either conservative or surgical. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical technique, enables rapid and effective recovery. This study aims to identify the most common surgical treatment for rotator cuff injuries through a systematic review. From databases such as ProQuest, Cochrane, and PubMed, 452 articles were reviewed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 25 relevant articles. Various surgical techniques were compared, and recovery times, pain relief, complication rates, and invasiveness were evaluated. The results indicated that rotator cuff tears accounted for 56% of the cases analyzed. Arthroscopy was the most frequently used and effective technique, noted for its minimal invasiveness and rapid recovery. Additionally, it was found that combining surgical treatment with conservative rehabilitation significantly improved pain and mobility. In conclusion, arthroscopy is the preferred option for treating rotator cuff injuries. Considering factors such as patient age and physical activity level, the appropriate choice of surgical technique is essential for optimizing postoperative outcomes and improving the patient's quality of life. Keywords: injury rotator cuff, surgical technique, arthroscopy